Trinidad and Tobago (2003)

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Trinidad and Tobago 2003 year


Administrative divisions	8 counties, 3 municipalities, and 1 ward; Arima, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando, Tobago**, Victoria
Age structure	0-14 years: 22.2% (male 125,470; female 119,270) 15-64 years: 70% (male 402,137; female 370,600) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 38,928; female 47,804) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry
Airports	6 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 5,128 sq km land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean, thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.
Birth rate	12.74 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.54 billion expenditures: $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (1998)
Capital	Port-of-Spain
Climate	tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Coastline	362 km
Constitution	1 August 1976
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago
Currency	Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Death rate	8.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$2.8 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Roy L. AUSTIN embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain telephone: [1] (868) 622-6372 through 6376, 622-6176 FAX: [1] (868) 628-5462
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Marina Annette VALERE (as of February 2003) chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490 FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Disputes - international	none
Economic aid - recipient	$24 million (1999 est.)
Economy - overview	Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. A leading performer the past four years has been the booming natural gas sector. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The economy benefits from low inflation and a trade surplus. The year 2002 was marked by solid growth in the oil sector, offset in part by domestic political uncertainty.
Electricity - consumption	4.943 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	5.315 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 99.8% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0.2% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
Environment - current issues	water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	black 39.5%, East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2%
Exchange rates	Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.24 (2002), 6.23 (2001), 6.3 (2000), 6.3 (1999), 6.3 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 14 February 2003 (next to be held NA 2008); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 43%
Exports	0 kWh (2001)
Exports	$4.2 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports	3.65 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Exports	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Exports - partners	US 56.9%, Jamaica 7.3%, France 4.4% (2002)
Fiscal year	1 October - 30 September
Flag description	red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side
GDP	purchasing power parity - $11.07 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1.6% industry: 43.2% services: 55.2% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $10,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.2% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	11 00 N, 61 00 W
Geography - note	Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt
Highways	total: 8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Imports	0 kWh (2001)
Imports	$3.8 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports	0 cu m (2001 est.)
Imports	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals
Imports - partners	US 42%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.5%, UK 5%, Japan 4.5%, Brazil 4.3% (2002)
Independence	31 August 1962 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	2.6% (2002 est.)
Industries	petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles
Infant mortality rate	total: 24.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	17 (2000)
Irrigated land	30 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London
Labor force	564,000 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	construction and utilities 12.4%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 9.5%, services 64.1% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 14.62% permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Legal system	based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; members appointed by the president for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2007) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - PNM 55.5%, UNC 44.5%; seats by party - PNM 20, UNC 16 note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly, with 15 members serving four-year terms
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 69.59 years male: 67.07 years female: 72.23 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.6% male: 99.1% female: 98% (2003 est.)
Location	Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,032 GRT/5,106 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea passenger 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: US 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (including Ground Force, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$90 million (1999)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.4% (1999)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 327,823 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 233,488 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Nationality	noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Natural hazards	outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Net migration rate	-10.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	condensate 253 km; gas 1,117 km; oil 478 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders	National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Hochoy CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TUN [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Jamaat-al Musilmeen [Yasin BAKR]
Population	1,104,209 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	21% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate	-0.68% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; common carrier railway service was discontinued in 1968 (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent international service; good local service domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana
Telephones - main lines in use	252,000 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	17,411 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	4 (1997)
Terrain	mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Total fertility rate	1.78 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	10.8% (2002)
Waterways	none

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